Success Is The Most Misunderstood Driver Of Performance

Some popular theories claim that the amount a person is paid determines how well that person produces and performs. However, new research suggests that there are more variables at play pertaining to peak performance and link an employee’s happiness to his or her productivity and a company’s success. Research indicates that performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity, and engagement—improves when people cultivate and work with a positive mind-set. According to Shawn Achor, the author of The Happiness Advantage, â€Å"Happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success precedes happiness. ‘Once I get a promotion, I’ll be happy,’ they think. Or, ‘Once I hit my sales target, I’ll feel great.’ But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again—the happiness that results from success is fleeting.â⠂¬  Achor explains that when employees develop a positive mind-set, they become more engaged, creative, motivated, energetic, resilient, and productive at work. He has observed this effect in his role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. In a study at the University of Warwick, economists discovered employees who were happy increased their productivity by 12%, while unhappy workers were 10% less productive. The Warwick research team stated: We find that human happiness has large and positive causal effects onShow MoreRelatedCustomer Success Manager : A Chicago Based Startup Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesreference is a Chicago-based startup that provides an online private-parking marketplace connecting drivers in need of parking with parking-spot owners who have underutilized spaces. The product is an online mobile platform available on its website or for download through the app store. In its simplest form, the company allows owners to list their unused parking spots for rent on the platform and drivers to rent those spots on an hourly, daily, or monthly basis. The founder and CEO has experience developingRead MoreDe Tomaso Pantera The Value Priced Supercar From Ford958 Words   |  4 Pagest have to go to Maranello Italy to get one, because Ford made the car available at your local Lincoln Mercury dealer. With a sticker price of around $10,000 in 1971, it s curious that the automobile wasn t a complete success. Here we ll talk about one of the most misunderstood sports cars from the early 1970s. Learn about the trials and tribulations of owning one. Uncover what these cars are worth today and what they could be worth in the future. Finally, learn about parts availability, technicalRead MoreThe Origins Of The Term Coaching1244 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome an adult and join an organization, and then our bosses and managers become our coaches. Although the mutual goal of coaching is helping individuals to do their best by maximizing their performance, there are four different routes that can lead to this goal: Tutoring, Mentoring, Confronting, and High Performance Coaching.  Literature Review Tutoring Tutoring is a process by which an individual (a manager or a leader for our purposes) educates another individual (an employee or peer) about knowledgeRead MoreOperations Management : An Organization Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesOperations Management Operations management is a field that can, at times, be misunderstood because of its multidisciplinary nature. However, its functions form the lynchpin of businesses the world over and success can often rest squarely on its shoulders. http://www.topmba.com/mba-programs/what-operations-management When people began to produce goods and service, the operations management was born. History of Operations management 1. Adam Smith (1776) The world have observed that Adam Smith isRead MoreThe First Success Factor995 Words   |  4 PagesAs the first success factor, different communication styles lead to conflict. Brett et al. (2006) emphasized on direct and indirect communication that it could easily create misunderstanding within the team. One of the example which explained by Brett et al. (2006) is the American expatriate asked their Japanese team members of â€Å"do you agree with the ideas?† As the result, they all answered â€Å"yes,† which does not mean they agreed in Japanese cultures but it means they show their American member respectRead MoreReflection on How to Make the Most of Working in Collaboration with Others972 Words   |  4 Pagesthe theory and practice of relevant areas through group cooperation and individuals work. These learning outcomes let me achieve communication and collaborated skills with my group members and enrich my work experience. Gibbs’ reflection model is the most common one which widespread in many areas. This work is going to use his model as follow: Description In Semester one, each week, I was responsible for applying the theories, frameworks, and case studies into my portfolio work. We discussed what learningRead MoreEnterprise Architecture And Systems : Managing Erp Implementation Process2240 Words   |  9 Pages Table of Contents Introduction 3 Need for ERP 3 General information about Company X 3 Factors considered before implementing 3 Why Company X needs ERP? 3 Approximate costs for implementation of ERP System 4 Drivers for an ERP project 4 Business drivers 4 Technical Drivers 5 Why iScala 5 ERP Implementation process 5 The Evaluation Process 6 Conclusion 6 References 7 Introduction This paper aims at describing a report of a case-study of ERP systems implementation of a constructionRead More Environmentally Friendly Cars Essay example3586 Words   |  15 Pagesindustry is constantly changing in the ways one would least expect it to. Incremental steps have been taken by the automotive industry over the past decade through the constant revisions and refreshing of past automotive product line. Although the most drastic change easily distinguishable between past vehicle generations is cosmetic, internal improvements such as engine modification and powertrain upgrades have made fruitful efforts to increase efficiency and Eco friendliness; it’s unfortunate thatRead MoreFriedrich Nietzche Essays1406 Words   |  6 Pagesscholarship to Schulpforta, an elite prepatory school with only 200 students, in October 1858. The scholarship as intended to fund Nietzche’s training for the clergy. His mother, Franziska, and his young sister, Elizabeth, are dedicated to Friedrich’s success, certain of his future. At the age of 18,Nietzsche lost his faith in traditional religion. His faith received a fatal blow when he found philosophy. In 1865 Nietzsche discovered Schopenhauer’s World as Will and Idea. The work forever challenged Nietzsche’sRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Fox Car Rental, Inc. Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization’s capabilities, effectiveness, cultures, and management. Credit cards, Debit cards, and Cash. 1. Fox Car Rental, Inc. accepts credit cards, debit cards, and cash deposits; this puts the organization at the forefront of its competitors since, most competitors do not accept cash or debit cards because of the monotonous task of verifying identity in case of vehicle theft, and safe guarding the vehicles security. However, Fox Car Rental advises customer to accept insurance packages in these cases

The Problem with Current American History School Books Essay

Textbooks today should have more of what was in texts centuries ago. I feel Fitzgerald’s analysis on American history is correct; they don’t have nearly as much useful information as they did in the past. Children should know the importance of World War II, the Revolutionary War and why the Berlin wall came down. Children should have current events on what’s going on in American today, and know the importance and discuss the significance of each of them. There are so many acts of sacrifice, heroism, compassion and courage, unity and fierce determination. These examples are particularly important to our children. I feel as though children reflect the values they see in their parents, and in their heroes. In most recent years our†¦show more content†¦We re-enacted The Mayflower, had a Thanksgiving feast with all of the children and I was one of the many turkeys who got shot that day. I dressed up in a black trash bag, made feathers out of constructi on paper and decorated the trash bag to make it extremely colorful. I feel that The Mayflower has a famous place in American history as a symbol of early European colonization of the future United States, and shouldn’t be left out of textbooks or the school’s curriculum. Back then I thought that is was irrelevant, and wanted to know why I had to be a turkey, now I know the significance of the entire play. There are so many in this world that simply does not adhere to the ideals we believe in, maybe that is why they feel what’s in the textbooks today are useful information. The author’s of the textbooks should think back to when they were growing up, what they remembered and be sure to include it in the textbooks. There are so many significant events that have happened within the past ten years. History is important for our children to understand, to give them a better sense of how to understand what we do and a sense of what it means to be an American; a sense of importance and serving something greater than yourself in life. One of the most defining moments of recent American history was Flight 93. Flight 93 is an amazing lesson and should be in textbooks for many years to come. The people on that plane lovedShow MoreRelatedLies My Teacher Told Me1094 Words   |  5 Pages The book Lies My Teacher Told me, by James W. Loewen, was written with the intention to info rm anybody that has ever learned about history, in the United States, using a textbook that they have, most likely, been given false information. The books and information that has been in Elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, and even college classes are skewed, by mostly telling stories in the United States favor. Loewen wrote the book to tell the real stories of our nation s history. The bookRead MoreIssues with Native American Education Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern American society is best defined by its education. A good part of the average person’s life is spent at school, going to school, and paying for school. However, even though education is so obviously very important, there are many groups in America that are getting shorted. The Native Americans are a key group that has struggled the most. The largest obstacle they face is lack of proper education. The standard educational practices being used for the instruction of Native American peop lesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Black Hawk Down1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthis fact influenced Mark Bowden to set all norms aside as he wrote his book Black Hawk Down and used uncommon techniques to allow students to make connections on their own about the event of the Battle of Mogadishu. The Battle of Mogadishu took place in 1993 in Mogadishu, Somalia, quickly becoming a terrible situation for many Delta Forces and Rangers as they seemingly fought an entire city, unprepared. Themes within the book Black Hawk Down include: moral decisions, brotherhood, and nationalismRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 : Satire Of Censorship982 Words   |  4 PagesBradbury’s novel is one characterized by much control. In Bradbury’s world, books were burned, and the public had access to very little information. The government was able to mask what they felt would dissatisfy them. Therefore, it means that history has been turned to be whatever the media wants it to be. Free media is given the same liberties with the American government thus enabling the American government to manipulate history and information. To be precise, the media of nowadays censor anythingRead MoreWhite Bread Thematic Essay. Approaches To And Specific1208 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-hispanics will make up less than half of the school aged population† (Smith) Our country is ever growing and it doesn t seem right to exclude cultural education to students when our nation was built by immigrants. Building curriculums that acknowledge different cultures, race, and gender to provide awareness and a comfortable learning environment. Students come from all walks of life. Unbiased attitudes allows students to succeed not just in school, but through their lives. Having a cultural understandingRead MoreHistory And Evolution Of Vocational Education846 Words   |  4 PagesThe book includes sections dedicated to the following but not limited to AVERA membership and finances, organization newsletter, issues discussed by the organization, action taken by the organization, relationship with other organizations, the Beacon, the publication journal, and the presidential address addressing vocational education research. This book describes vocational education in America, updating key trends based on available data and focusing on selected issues relevant to current policyRead MoreLgbt History And The Modern Era1737 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalent shown throughout history. History books in today’s society highlight the majority of groups of people and historical events. This essay will prove that there is a problematic issue where LGBT lives and existences are being erased throughout history and the modern era. Throughout, it will be explained how these groups of people are being underrepresented within history, major wars, and the modern era. History covers a very broad spectrum of time, with recorded history going as far back as fiveRead More Lies My Teacher Told Me by James Loewen Essay example1439 Words   |  6 PagesJames Loewen wrote the book ?Lies My Teacher Told ME? to help the students of the United States become aware of their true history. This book attempts to show how and why American history has been taught the way it has without regard for the truth. Mr. Loewen had compared twelve different history textbooks they are: The Great Republic, The American Way, Land of Promise, Rise of the American Nation, Challenge of Freedom, American Adventures, Discovering American History, The American Tradition, Life andRead MoreAnalysis Of Bill O Reilly1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe author of Killing Kennedy, and he wrote the book in 2012. O’Reilly was born in 1949 in New York City and later graduated from Marist College with a degree in history in the 1970s. Bill then taught high school for many years before go ing back to college to get a masters degree in journalism. Starting in the 1980s, O’Reilly began working in television becoming a correspondent for many different news stations. In the 1990s, Bill went back to school this time at Harvard to get a degree in publicRead MoreIs it Necessary to Imitate Others to become Original and Creative?1116 Words   |  5 Pageselse before becoming original and creative is wrong and that it isnt necessary to imitate others Duplicating another person’s personality and traits can have a negative influence on the imitator. For example, when a boy sees a popular person at his school and he wants to be popular, he’ll try to do what the other individual is doing. Probably because he thinks whatever the other student is doing is causing them to have so much attention. So, the kid that everybody knows is a putrid person, he bullies

Conflicts in the Process Of Globalization Free-Samples for Students

Question: In what ways has Globalisation been a Conflictual Process? Answer: Introduction Globalization covers a wide area of different political, economic, and cultural behaviours. This term globalization has emerged as the top most discussed word in political and academic debates. Globalization may be seen as one that covers things like free market, the dominance by western life, and introduction of the internet. It may also be defined as the movement of labor and technology internationally. The global markets have evolved over a long period. It has assisted in promoting efficiency through international markets and this has created competition and division of labor (Arkebauer, Miller, 2011). However, the latest social theorists have come up with accurate concepts ofglobalization than the ones given by first theorists. But some conflicts have been witnessed about the debate on globalization. Some debaters have put it that globalization refers to the dynamics in the spatial and temporal channels of social life. Theorists differ about the correct sources of the current shifts in the social human life. However, their thoughts converge that changes in the human life, space, and duration are undermining the benefits of local and international boundaries of humanity. History of Globalization Globalization as a term has emerged very strongly in the last two decades. Academic workers who used the term in 1970s were accurate in recognizing the novel behind it (Modelski, 1972). Since the coming of capitalism, the intellectuals have disagreed about the process of globalization, with some advocating for it and supporting the theories that were started by people like Karl Marx while others objecting it in totality. For instance, in 1839, the English Jonourlist talked about the effects of rail travel by saying that distance has caused the surface of the country be too large (Harvey, 1996). Later, Henrich Heine also reiterated the same thought in his poet. A German social theorist, Karl Marx in 1848, came up with the first hypothesis about the territory compression that dominated his theories. According to Karl Marx, the process of capitalism has enabled human to settle everywhere, and come up with connections everywhere (Marx, 1848). Globalization in Contemporary Social theory From mid 1980s, social theorists have gone above the ideas that were there in the previous thoughts about globalization in terms of compression and space to a more focused view of globalization. However, some disagreements are still existing on the accurate nature of the factors behind globalization, with some theorists like David Harvey (1989,1996) developing on Marxs pioneering explanation of globalization, while other theorists opposing the economic inclusion of the approach by Marx. The problems caused by globalization touch on majority of philosophical questions. For instance, globalization gives a suggestion that many academic philosophers in the developed countries to pay close attention to the discriminated voices and the traditional perspectives (Dallmayr, 1998). Globalization therefore, challenges the traditional perspectives. It is true that countries cannot be described as self-sufficient because still they cannot properly deal with the effects of globalization effectivel y. Globalization cannot work without the division of labour. Division of labor in this context is a case whereby people and economies focus on things they handle better. It is brought by separating assignments in any system of the economy so that those assigned may specialize in a particular area of concern. In this case, the workers will acquire special knowledge and skills in a particular area ("Division of Labour", 2012). Some economists advocated for the division of labor as a way of saving labor. Industrial revolutions era in factories saw people like Adam Smith proposing a division of labor by saying that the aspect of specialization that represents a remarkable increase in production determines the success of industrialization. According to Smith, a division of labor was the driver that changed the economic progress (Channon, 2014). Having workers carry out duties singly reduced the long training time needed to equip workers. Globalization has evolved from several myths. It is believed that it is a rare primary factor that pushes wage moderation that is experienced in low- skilled workers. A more important factor in the growth of globalization is the technology. This will mechanize work since few people are required to handle some jobs. The demand for workers will reduce, consequently, the remuneration for workers will be affected as well (Gevurtz, Gevurtz, 2009). As countries have welcomed globalization and realized a remarkable increase in income, some states are objecting it from the view that it breeds failure. These countries are seen to have remained behind in terms of development. It is believed that through globalization, some individuals have benefited than others. This brings conflict between the developed countries and the less developed ones. Third world countries are reluctant to enter into the international trade because of fear of manipulation by the big countries (Kressel, Lento, 2012). They are worried that their businesses may be swallowed and render them financially useless. The disparity between countries has brought inequality in terms of income earning and social status. Underdeveloped countries find it hard to acquire the latest technology to enable them to carry out their operations as well as competing with the global market giants favorably. The market giants with their powerful technology and tools dominate, frustrate, and kill the upcoming competitors. Over a few decades ago, the income inequality among countries has gone up in most countries. Consequently, income per capita has gone up in almost all countries including the poor ones (Kressel, Lento, 2014). This shows that the poor countries are coming up and will be a better position to take the challenge of global business and start making business ties with their global counterparts. Although the income for the giant countries have risen so much above that of developing countries, they can start building proper relationships to indulge in partnerships and businesses. Apart from income inequality realized by different countries, a research also reveals that there is an inequality that exists between the rich and poor populations in different parts of the world. It is believed that globalization is directly linked to a reduction in inequality. Financial inequality is seen to have been caused by the advances made in technology, and foreign investment the demand for the skilled workers thereby raising the return to skills in both developed and underdeveloped countries (Nash, 2000). Thus, while everybody benefits, the skilled ones benefit most. Entry of firms to global market forced some of them to showcase their superior technologies and powerful brands in order to integrate their systems and organize themselves to indulge in the global market and target to target the middle and upper- income earners. The big marketers mainly target the upper-income clients and they are capable of controlling the world in terms of purchasing and a large share of global market belong to them. The competition thus may become so stiff for the small marketers and this may make them disappear in the limelight of global business. Unless a policy is enacted and put in place to regulate their manipulation power, developing countries may find it too difficult to realize and appreciate the benefits of the global business (Mortimer, 2016). The entry to global market faces not only a fierce competition by the developed countries but also have great difficulties in catching up with the global trends that have been taken by the old marketers called the systems integrators. These firms are so powerful that they have occupied the whole market as they command almost all the supplies and manufacturing sectors. The global market is therefore termed as a very competitive environment that requires proper understanding before one enters into it (Simpson, 2016). The recent period has witnessed an increased level of competition in the global market. Big companies have focused in research based on conditions prevailing in the global markets. Conclusion Division of labor in this context is a case whereby people and economies focus on things they handle better. It is brought by separating assignments in any system of the economy so that those assigned may specialize in a particular area of concern. In this case, the workers will acquire special knowledge and skills in a particular area. Some economists advocated for the division of labor as a way of saving labor. This division of labor is what has made globalization be successful (Undertake business planning, 2007). Countries are thus able to involve and focus in areas that they are well conversant in. It is this approach that social scientists have argued to try to look at barriers to effective global business. Although globalization has several positive impacts on country global businesses, it has been widely criticized by others as a hindrance as well to the development of some underdeveloped countries. Such developed countries have experienced stiffer competition because they lac k proper technological strength and workforce. It is, therefore, important to first put proper structures in place in order to combat the challenges that may come along with it. References Arkebauer, J., Miller, J. (1999). Leading edge global business planning for entrepreneurs (1st ed.). Chicago, IL: Dearborn Financial Pub. Division of Labour. (2012). Long Range Planning, 20(6), 114. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301 (87)90146-4 Channon, D. (2014). Specialization and Division of Labour. Long Range Planning, 7(4), 90-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301 (74)90225-8 Denhez, M. (2013). The heritage strategy planning handbook (1st ed.). Toronto [Ont.]: Dundurn Press. Dallmayr, Fred. (1998). Alternative Visions: Paths in the Global Village. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield. Edmunds, S. (2009). The role of futures studies in business strategic planning. Journal Of Business Strategy, 3(2), 40-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb038965 Forsyth, P. (2002). Global Business Organization(1st ed.). Oxford: Capstone Pub. Gevurtz, F., Gevurtz, F. (2009). Business tactics in the global world (1st ed.). Harvey, David. (1989). The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell. , (1996).Justice, Nature, the Geography of Difference. Oxford: Blackwell Kressel, H., Lento, T. (2012). Entrepreneurship in the global economy (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Marx, Karl. (1848).Communist Manifesto in Robert Tucker (ed.). The Marx-Engels Reader, New York: Norton. Mortimer, G. (2016). Business planning for unintended consequences - good intentions are not enough. International Journal Of Sustainable Strategic Management, 5(2), 87. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijssm.2016.080467 Modelski, George. (1972). Principles of World Politics. New York: Free Press Nash, E. (2000). Direct marketing (1st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. Simpson, D. (2015). Planning in a global business. Planning Review, 23(2), 25-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb054502 Simpson, D. (2016). Planning in a global business. Planning Review, 23(2), 25-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb054502 Undertake business planning. (2007) (1st ed.). Cottesloe, W.A.

What is Critical thinking Essay Example For Students

What is Critical thinking Essay Critical thinking is taking the information that you receive from the media or any source of information, and analyzing it to determine its value. By determining its value, I mean differentiating between useful, cogent, information that will help you build your knowledge structures, and information that could be fallacious, and doesnt have sufficient evidence or support to be cogent. Information is the key element in developing knowledge structures. Information can help an individual, but only if he is able to differentiate between useful information, and useless information. Critical thinking embodies media literacy, cogent reasoning, and development of knowledge structures. We will write a custom essay on What is Critical thinking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A critical thinker takes an active role in processing the information that he receives to determine its value, while somebody who isnt a critical thinker passively receives information without questioning its value. What is valuable information? Valuable information is information that can help you. Since information that is false or not true will not help you, it is important to have the skills necessary to judge what is true and factual and what is false and fallacious. The media feeds us a massive quantity of information every day. A critical thinker is able to filter out the noise or useless information, and record important facts which will prove useful or helpful. The media gives people information that is most often manipulative and often fallacious. What is the purpose of giving false information? Usually to sell you something, or make money off of you. How one receives this information, and what power it has over somebody depends on how media literate he or she is, and his or her critical thinking ability. What is media literacy? Media literacy is an aspect that will greatly improve your critical thinking ability. It is the ability to perceive what information you are being presented with, the ability to interpret that information, and the ability to see an issue from multiple perspectives. The more media literate you are the more you will understand how the media is trying to influence you with its information. The influence the media has on you is based on how much you know. The more you know, the more you will be able to make an educated decision. This is why people should care about critical thinking. Knowing how the media is trying to influence you give you power. It gives you the power to use the media effectively. Using the media effectively means finding useful information and using it to your advantage. That is the core of critical thinking. Analyzing information and then using the useful information to your advantage so that you can make decisions that are based on cogent and not fallacious reasoning. The more you become a critical thinking the more you use the media to your advantage rather than them using you to their advantage. Bibliography: .

Strontium - Elements in Fireworks

Strontium - Elements in Fireworks Metal salts are important in fireworks and other pyrotechnics. One of the most common metallic elements is strontium, which is atomic number 38 on the periodic table, with element symbol Sr. However, the pure metal isnt used. Fireworks are made using strontium salts, especially  strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3)2). Strontium nitrate acts as both a colorant (the strontium part) and an oxidizer (the nitrate portion). Strontium salts impart a red color to fireworks. Strontium compounds are also important for stabilizing fireworks mixtures. Youll find it in emergency flares, including road flares and flare guns. Is Strontium Toxic? Strontium is one of the safest metals found in fireworks (biologically speaking). As with other metals, it has its uses, but overexposure can lead to problems. Strontium chloride is found in some toothpastes intended to reduce tooth sensitivity. It forms a barrier over the nerve endings in tooth dentin that is exposed by receding gums. Strontium supplements are available, said to aid bone health. In Europe, strontium ranelate is available by prescription to reduce fracture rate from osteoporosis. The strontium compounds available online or in the United States are more commonly strontium citrate or strontium chloride, which have not been shown to be effective for osteoporosis. While exposure to trace levels of strontium isnt a concern, taking a large amount of it is associated with side effects, including blood clots and heart damage. Sources J. Paul MacMillan, Jai Won Park, Rolf Gerstenberg, Heinz Wagner, Karl Kà ¶hler, Peter Wallbrecht Strontium and Strontium Compounds in  Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim.ONeill GT, Rolfe LR, Kaufman MH. Developmental potential and chromosome constitution of strontium-induced mouse parthenogenones (1991)  Mol. Reprod. Dev.30:214-219​.Pradyot Patnaik.  Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002.

Comparison of Adjectives

Comparison of Adjectives Comparison of Adjectives Comparison of Adjectives By Maeve Maddox If memory serves, I was taught the rules for comparing adjectives in fifth or sixth grade: 1. Adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. 2. The comparative is formed with -er or more. 3. The superlative is formed with -est or most. 4. Short words like big and happy take -er and -est: big, bigger, biggest; happy, happier, happiest. 5. Long words, like beautiful and intelligent take more and most: beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful; intelligent, more intelligent, most intelligent. This simplified summary applies in most situations. Fine-tuning comes with reading experience. Yet many speakers seem not to have learned these general rules for comparing adjectives: He’ll go out of his way to be nice to your friends and family so he can make a good impression on them, even if it’s only because he knows that’ll make you more happy. I am more strong than I have ever been and my clients are getting better results as well. It did make my lawn more green. product review How to make your company more green Let’s make the world more greener. Making cars more greener How to make your neighborhood more safe figuring out how to make low-income communities more safer for women. These quotations are taken from various blogs. One could say, â€Å"Well, these aren’t professional journalists, so why be so critical?† It seems to me that the general rules for the comparison of adjectives can be mastered by a twelve-year-old. Anyone who has completed eight years of formal education can be expected to have gotten the hang of it. But it is not only the amateur writers who get it wrong. The following is from a writer who has shared two Pulitzer prizes: [something to do with economics] is a more strong indicator.† Linguists might argue that dropping of the -er, -est forms is driven by the natural urge of the language towards grammatical simplification. Perhaps. But â€Å"more greener† and â€Å"more safer†? I don’t think that has anything to do with evolutionary simplification of the language. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of Rhyme15 Types of Documents20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

Tradition vs innovation in textile Literature review

Tradition vs innovation in textile - Literature review Example This essay is going to discuss the inventions in the textile industry and compare the traditional textile production with the modern innovations in the industry. One of the key changes that have been introduced in the textile industry is the issue of sustainability (Wilson, 2001, p.71). In the modern world, lobby groups, environmental organizations, governments and the international community in general are emphasizing a lot on the need of having sustainable technologies of production of not only textile products, but also other types of products. The main idea is to ensure that natural resources are conservatively utilized and in an effective manner. Sustainable methods of production have also played a major role in reducing the rate of pollution with respect to emission of harmful gaseous, liquid and solid wastes into the environment (McArthur and Shepard, 2001, p.85). Initially, textile producing companies cared very little about the environment and instead focused on how they would maximize their profits. However, most of these manufacturers have realized the need for becoming socially responsible or what is commonly known as corporate s ocial responsibility (CSR) by incorporating production methods that are friendly to the environment. Another major innovation in the textile industry is human hair. There has been a tremendous revolution on the way artificial human hair is manufactured. Better and extremely appealing artificial hairs are been produced as entrepreneurs compete to have a market share in this multi-billion industry. In the modern world, appealing hair design is one of the most essentials that ladies and sometimes men value a lot (Udale, 2008, p.32). As a result, numerous innovations have been made in making artificial human hair more attractive. Others go to an extent of purchasing natural hair from countries like Philippines at a very high cost. Introduction of smart

Intellectual Wellness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intellectual Wellness - Essay Example Essentially, intellectual wellness focuses on learning.  Any doing that assists an individual to explore the world around him or her, learn more regarding oneself or expand his or her mind in whichever way promotes healthy intellectual wellness.  One can accomplish the attainment and maintenance of self intellectual wellness in a number of ways including reading, participating in hobbies, learning new skills, appreciating art as well as being creative. In effect, every time one is learning something new regarding any of the other seven aspects of wellness, he or she is as well supporting his or her intellectual wellness (The 123 Feel Better Company, para2).   Patterson asserts that wellness does not only mean exploring one’s spirituality and emotional welfare, but it is also just as important to have a sharp, active mind. She quotes a book entitled Rich Dad, Poor Dad, which stresses that exercising the mind is a vital life practice as well as an important skill essential for a wealthy, flourishing life. In her view, while majority of people want an abundant life, just a few of them remember to keep their minds healthy, engaged and in good use. Although it is sometimes hard to accomplish this in the rush of life since to many it appears like an additional chore to engage their mind to think hard when there is already so much contending for their attention, having and maintaining a sharp, active mind is a vital ingredient for an abundant life. Beamans International points out that an intellectually well individual understands the fact that completion of formal education does not indicate the end of learning. Instead, he or she seeks to understand and discover other viewpoints and is able to construe and articulate what he or she thinks regarding what he or she has learnt. Individuals can take various actions in order to keep their minds engaged. He or she can join an organization from which he or she would receive for instance, a word,

The Sandwich Blitz Inc Essay Example for Free

The Sandwich Blitz Inc Essay 1. How would creating a new position between the CEO and the location managers help the business to grow? 2. Is promoting an existing manager the best option to fill this position? If not, what is an alternative source to fill the position? 3. Who within the company should make these decisions? 4. List the levels of authority (management) that Sandwich Blitz, Inc. would have if the new position is created. Dalmon and Lei are trying to expand their business The Sandwich Blitz Inc. They have two great location mangers that have a lot of skills and are ready to move up in the company. Dalmon and Lei have to make time to investigate the two options of expanding their company. Dalmon and Lei have authority over their staff they give the location mangers authority over the stores to help run the store. I think if they can delegate their task it will free up time for the CEOs to focus more on the expansion of the companies. How would creating a new position between the CEO and the location managers help the business grow? It will help the business grow because it will free some of the responsibilities that Dalmon and Lei are doing now that is conflating with them being able to focus on expanding the company and the growth of the company. Is promoting an existing manager the best option to fill this position? Yes I think that promoting within the company is a great idea because the location mangers have already been in the company and they have the knowledge of the company and skills. I think that if they build a build a senior team thats able to manage all the critical areas of the business it will help take the company to another level. These location managers have an excitement to make things happen and it will help them to grow and be motivated to be prepare for the new expanding. Who within the company should make this decision? The CEO responsibility is to have the right management team that can cover shortcomings. Also CEO may be able to set strategy, predict the future and control the budget, but if they dont hire the right team, they have to master it all themselves. And hire the best like they have done in previous years for the others stores.

The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz Essay -- essays research papers

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler is the tale of a young greedy boy who feels that money is his path to happiness and pride. Duddy simply stomps all over his friends and his family as well (to a certain extent). Richler feels unreserved sympathy towards Duddy because, in essence, Duddy is Richler written down and diversified. Duddy is a character based on Mordecai’s own personality. Duddy Kravitz is a crook, a blackmailer and a cheat. However, Duddy Kravitz is Richler’ s crook and Duddy will never be abandoned. In The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, everyone but the Richler himself shuns Duddy. The entire concept of the novel was for Duddy to learn an important lesson, what makes someone significant. The following is an instance where Richler does force pity on the reader through his writing: â€Å"We betrayed you I suppose.† â€Å"Yes you did.† He had spoken with such quiet and certainty that she began to doubt herself. â€Å"You’ll come crawling,† he said. â€Å" I want you to know something. I’d sue you. I’d even get Irwin Shubert to take the case. But Virgil won’t let me. He doesn’t even want to hear about it any more.† â€Å"You hate me,† Duddy dais. â€Å"Is that possible?† â€Å"I think you’re rotten. I wish you were dead.† â€Å"You don’t understand, Yvette. Why can’t I make you understand? Listen, Yvette, I—â€Å" But she turned away from him. The paragraph above does show how the readers’ emotions are in turmoil because of the sort of double standard created when the story is t... The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz Essay -- essays research papers The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler is the tale of a young greedy boy who feels that money is his path to happiness and pride. Duddy simply stomps all over his friends and his family as well (to a certain extent). Richler feels unreserved sympathy towards Duddy because, in essence, Duddy is Richler written down and diversified. Duddy is a character based on Mordecai’s own personality. Duddy Kravitz is a crook, a blackmailer and a cheat. However, Duddy Kravitz is Richler’ s crook and Duddy will never be abandoned. In The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, everyone but the Richler himself shuns Duddy. The entire concept of the novel was for Duddy to learn an important lesson, what makes someone significant. The following is an instance where Richler does force pity on the reader through his writing: â€Å"We betrayed you I suppose.† â€Å"Yes you did.† He had spoken with such quiet and certainty that she began to doubt herself. â€Å"You’ll come crawling,† he said. â€Å" I want you to know something. I’d sue you. I’d even get Irwin Shubert to take the case. But Virgil won’t let me. He doesn’t even want to hear about it any more.† â€Å"You hate me,† Duddy dais. â€Å"Is that possible?† â€Å"I think you’re rotten. I wish you were dead.† â€Å"You don’t understand, Yvette. Why can’t I make you understand? Listen, Yvette, I—â€Å" But she turned away from him. The paragraph above does show how the readers’ emotions are in turmoil because of the sort of double standard created when the story is t...

How To Talk About Sculpture

Consider if the material is an advancement for that time (I. E. Oil paints) 3. Subject – what or who does it represent? 4. Method of sculpting? Additive Roding subtractive Michelangelo found object Decamp 5. Tyler/period? Regional satirical artist's personal style (style of the workshop) 6. Point of view? WHY? (hint: you have to look at 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14 to answer this) Where was it originally? (see #13 and 14) *** 7. Composition – organization of forms (form: shape and structure, ad or ad)?While the Sours can be divided equally traits down the center (axial symmetry) the Speedboater CANNOT. Yet, the Sparseness's lines are based on a system of diagonals that help to create contraption tense -vassalage helping to create movement. Now look at the composition of both pieces. The Sours is both balanced and exhibiting axial symmetry, however the Speedboater is also balanced but NOT exhibiting axial symmetry as it is possible for a piece of art work to be balanced but not symmetrical. 9. Color if any?Where was this sculpture originally? What does it do to the museum space that it currently occupies? How do you think it would have affected the space around it in its original position? 14. Intended use? Intention usually affects the space around it and is directly related to the â€Å"three AS† of shaping art that you will know and love by the end of the master: patronage, philosophy (including religion) and propaganda.Now that you've done all that let's READ the piece: 1 . How do the formal aspects relate to the school/style of the period, person or school? Outside sources? Do they follow suit or do they break free from the constraints and introduce something NEW? What does this mean? Was there some kind of advancement? Was there a new THOUGHT or belief system coming into play? 2. How do the formal aspects affect the feeling of the piece, how does it affect the view and the space around it? . How do the formal aspects reflect its purpose? . How do the formal aspects SHAPE the piece you are looking at? How does the artist CHOOSE to manipulate these formal TECHNIQUES to create meaning? 5. How do the â€Å"three AS† shape the formal aspects and in turn shape the piece and the artist's methods of making the piece? This is only the beginning of the process. Use your own observations, relate all of the above to each other and READ your textbook in no time at all you will develop the skills to deconstruct and talk about sculpture.

Profile Of An Adult Numeracy Learner

PA is attending an adult numeracy class because he was sent by his employer. His employer completed his Level 2 National Test last year and is now insisting that all his employees follow suit. Non-completion will result in no promotion and no annual pay rise Initial assessment The key implications here are that PA is currently working at Entry Level 3 in most numeric areas. He should be able to increase his ability level and undertake Level 1 without too many problems. However he needs to achieve Level 2 in order to gain his pay rise and promotion so this will put him under a lot of preasure and additional stress. According to Tennant (1988), PA, as a 36 year old, is in his midlife transitional period and will be â€Å"Adopting a changing time perspective and revising career plans†; this can be substantiated as PA is attending a numeracy course because of changes that are taking place at work. His employer has stated that the course must be completed and the Level 2 National Test must be passed or PA will not receive a promotion or his annual pay rise. This is an unusual situation, as according to Charnley & Jones (1987), â€Å"Getting a pay rise as a direct result of tuition is extremely rare†. Patterns of adult learning reflect class divisions in society and the different expectations and perceptions resulting from those divisions. Factors such as social class, gender and race impact on decisions to learn, as each is associated with particular cultural pressures and norms. According to Maslow (1973) once physiological needs have been met safety or security becomes predominant. In other words, there is a need for self-preservation and a common concern for the future e. g. , will we be able to maintain our property and our job in order to provide shelter and food tomorrow and the next day? It is likely that this is the stage PA is at particularly as he knows that if he does not pass the relevant exams he will not get a pay rise or promotion. Peer and reference group influences can also be extremely strong (Evans, 2000). People who are habitual learners tend to belong to groups where education is seen as a normal activity. They also tend to be involved in other forms of social participation. Non-learners belong to groups for whom engaging in learning is not part of normal behaviour – this is certainly true of PA who would not have engaged initially in numeracy earning through his own choice, and who, until recently would not engage in any social activity e. g. attending a school fund raising evening. Among male manual workers, for example, there is a strong culture of group conformity and solidarity. To engage in education that is not immediately job-related is seen as what women or children do and is, therefore, not a masculine activity (McGivney, 1996). Social class continues to be the key discriminator in understanding participation in learning. Over half of all upper and middle class (AB) respondents are current or recent learners, compared with one-third of the skilled working class (C2) and one quarter of unskilled working class people and people on limited incomes (Gallup Survey 1996). However, what and how much is learned can be influenced by the learner's motivation (NIACE, 1997) and, from my own experiences within the post-compulsory education sector, I would have to agree with this. However, motivation to learn could be, in turn, influenced by an individual's emotional states, beliefs, interests and goals, and habits of thinking. PA's current, positive, beliefs about himself as a learner and the nature of learning appear to have had a marked influence on his motivation. It could be said that the rich internal world of thoughts, beliefs, goals, and expectations for success or failure may enhance or interfere with the learner's quality of thinking and information processing. Motivational and emotional factors may also influence both the quality of his thinking and information processing as well as his individual motivation to learn. Positive emotions, such as curiosity, generally enhance motivation and facilitate learning and performance. Mild anxiety can also enhance learning and performance by focusing the learner's attention on a particular task. However, intense negative emotions (e. g. , anxiety, panic, rage, insecurity) and related thoughts (e. g. , worrying about competence, ruminating about failure, fearing punishment, ridicule, or stigmatising labels) generally detract from motivation, interfere with learning, and contribute to low performance (Evans, 2000). This could be seen during PA's recent Numeracy Level 1 National Test when he experienced mild anxiety, but was extremely motivated and positive about the experience and his ability – and he passed first time! Motivation is, therefore, not a simple issue, since individual motives and action are strongly affected by where people are located (socially, culturally and spatially) and the constraints or incentives that operate on their choices (NIACE). PA blames his current lack of knowledge and qualifications in numeracy on his underachievement at school. If we look more closely it becomes apparent that, because of his age, PA would have been attending school during the 1970's and 1980's. It was during this time that the early underachievement of boys first became evident, as large scale studies of children's achievements at Primary school pointed to the fact that girls consistently out-performed boys (Myers, 2000). Therefore there was a shift away from public concern about girls' achievement to boys' achievement, or underachievement, at school in exams. The concern about ‘boys' underachievement' has been characterised in educational policy initiatives at national, local and school levels, most significantly in the imposition of the national literacy and numeracy strategy (Barrs and Pidgeon 1998). However, overall improvements in achievement are often ignored and gender differences are ascribed to the detrimental effects of ‘the feminisation of teaching' (Epstein et al, 1998). The concern for boys' underachievement was highlighted by Murphy and Elwood (1998) who argued that improvement in female achievement is not shared by girls from low socio-economic backgrounds and may not be apparent in some subjects. Similarly, Epstein et al (1998) questioned the global application of the category of boys' underachievement' by asking, ‘†¦ hich boys? At what stages of education? †¦ according to what criteria? ‘ We could say that by definition, gender roles are the social norms that dictate what is socially appropriate male and female behaviour (Tobias, 1997), and are part of the socialisation process of human beings. These roles are also influenced by each individual's cultural and economic background (Tobias, 1997). It could be said that gender roles influence women and men in virtually every area of life, including family and occupation. This is certainly true for PA, who feels that it is his duty to provide for his family and to have the greater earning capacity regardless of his lack of formal qualifications. Everyone recognises that there are significant differences between male and female, even if they are only physical. However, others see not only the physical but also the social, emotional and intellectual differences. In addition there is belief that, by the age of sixteen, females have matured more than boys by up to as much as two years (Skelton, 2001). This could mean that girls have an advantage by viewing exams in a far more responsible way and recognising the seriousness and importance of the academic and career choices in the future. PA agrees with this as he did not take his schooling seriously and, quite possibly due to the fact that PA knew he was underachieving and he was unmotivated, he left school at 16 with no formal qualifications. He has only recently started to regret his actions. The figures from the 1996 Gallup survey could also be used to illustrate this as more adult men (25%) are currently learning compare to adult women (21%). Now that he is within the adult education sector, PA appears to see learning numeracy as a process of liberation. This may be because PA now feels that the educational process is not static and that his learning is a cultural action for freedom. It no longer involves one person teaching another, but rather people working with each other to ensure each individual reaches their potential. This was also the understanding of Bruner (1973), who suggested that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas based upon their current / past knowledge. Adult learners also appear to be more receptive to learning if there is a context to the learning. Teaching adults numerical skills which ‘transfer' means exposing â€Å"students to different contexts which have the same mathematical content† (Rees and Barr, 1984) e. g. electrical work, decorating, shopping or linked to employment. This is certainly true for PA who works better, and appears to have a deeper understanding, when he can see there is a relevance and context to what he is learning. According to Bruner (1973), the teacher and student should engage in active dialogue and the task of the teacher is to translate information to be learned into a format appropriate to the learners' current state of understanding. During numeracy there are so many ways of doing and explaining one thing, one example would be the various descriptions used for the actions of ‘add' and ‘subtract', another example would be the various methods of teaching long multiplication. In addition, Bruner (1973) stated that the curriculum should be organised in a spiral manner, so that the student continually builds upon what they have already learned, â€Å"The concept of prime numbers appears to be more readily grasped when the learner, through construction, discovers certain handfuls of beans cannot be laid out in completed rows and columns† (Bruner, 1973). When working with PA, as for all my learners, I ensure that I question his current method and understanding of each numeric topic before I go into the topic in depth. This way I am constantly building on his current knowledge and understanding. A high percentage of the learners at Rochford Adult Community College are White British and PA falls into this group, ‘Rochford has one of the lowest ethnic minority populations, well below half of the national average' (Rochford District Council, 2005). However, according to the Home Office's Commission for Racial Equality, 2002, the United Kingdom is a changing society and these socio-economic changes are reflected in our growing cultural and ethnic diversity. These changes bring many gains, but sometimes there are tensions and divisions that may lead to fracturing within, and across, local areas and communities. However, whatever the nature of community divisions, the basis of the solution is often the same; community cohesion. The Home Office's Commission for Racial Equality, 2002, suggests that community cohesion may be achieved by raising awareness and understanding and developing shared values with mutual trust and respect. The Home Office describes a cohesive community as one where there is common vision, a sense of belonging, where diversity is valued and where there are similar life opportunities with â€Å"†¦ strong and positive relationships being developed between people from different backgrounds†¦ in colleges and in schools†¦ † (www. homeoffice. gov. uk, 2003). This is also the ethos of Essex County Council and consequently Castle Point and Rochford Adult Community College (www. essexcc. gov. uk, 2005).

AMCAS Essay Writing Professional Service

AMCAS Essay Writing Professional Service The American Medical College Application Service and/or AMCAS essay doesnt differ much from most other types of personal statements required of med school applicants. A brief synopsis of personal beliefs and career coals, AMCAS statements are used to test applicants writing skills as well as their ability to communicate effectively. For more information on AMCAS papers, please read on. The process of applying to medical schools is an arduous one. The first thing that most applicants are required to do is enlist the assistance of an American Medical College Service. By sending transcript releases, essays, and application fees directly to this service (rather than to the schools), students dont have to worry about handling each school application themselves. AMCAS statements are important because they give applicants the chance to use their own voice. Unlike those for undergraduate universities, the med school application process has several different steps. Upon reviewing a favorable applicants initial package (including transcripts, letters of recommendation, and the essay), he or she is then asked to submit secondary essays, and so on. Granted, there is a lot of pressure involved when writing an AMCAS essay. Fortunately, there are many professional services that can help. For information on how to get help writing an AMCAS personal statement or if you would like an editor to review your medical school secondaries, please access the link provided.

Proper Word Order to Enable Parallel Structure

Proper Word Order to Enable Parallel Structure Proper Word Order to Enable Parallel Structure Proper Word Order to Enable Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol Sometimes, word order in a sentence does not interfere significantly with comprehension of the sentence, but it does produce an awkward obstacle to clean reading. Here are several flawed sentences that require only a simple transposition of words to become syntactically valid. Each is followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. Foods on the list below should either go into the compost bin or the trash. When either precedes the operative verb go, the implication is that the counterpoint will lead from a second, distinct verb or verb phrase, such as in the version â€Å"Foods on the list below should either go into either the compost bin or be tossed into the trash.† (At the least, the original sentence should repeat into before â€Å"the trash.†) But if go is to apply to both choices, either should follow the verb: â€Å"Foods on the list below should go into either the compost bin or the trash.† 2. This publication is neither intended to be a legal analysis nor a detailed cookbook of steps to take in every situation. The same idea applies to use of either’s antonym, neither, which should follow, not precede, the verb â€Å"to be†: â€Å"This publication is intended to be neither a legal analysis nor a detailed cookbook of steps to take in every situation.† An alternative is to revise as follows, in which case not can come before â€Å"to be†: â€Å"This publication is not intended to be a legal analysis or a detailed cookbook of steps to take in every situation.† 3. They may not only give insight into what to expect, but also how to handle situations that may arise. Because give applies to both the point and the counterpoint, it should precede both components of the sentence, and into should be repeated: â€Å"They may give insight not only into what to expect but also into how to handle situations that may arise.† (Note, too, that the comma between the components is extraneous.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.Telling a Good Poem from a Bad One55 "House" Idioms

PRICE, CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR AND MARKETING ACTIVITIES Essay

PRICE, CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR AND MARKETING ACTIVITIES - Essay Example Pricing behaviors used to advertise goods and services to consumers such as twenty thousand pounds for a Ferrari, are common in contemporary society, showing that they are advantageous for businesses (Baines et al. 2011). Further, price consultants have emerged to provide advice to business people on how to price their goods because of existence of a strong relationship among price, consumer buying behavior, and marketing strategies. It is significant for businesses to determine which pricing behaviors will harness more consumers. Buying behavior is an act where people make decisions whether to buy a certain product or not. Consumer buying behavior is the buying behavior of the final consumer product. Consumers tend to show distinct behaviors when buying products and services of their choice. It is significant to note that the type of goods they want to purchase affects their purchasing behaviors. Consumer buying behavior incorporates a long process in that the purchaser has to ident ify and study the product advantages and disadvantages before deciding whether to purchase it or not. Since the intention of marketing is to ensure satisfaction of the customer in return for profits, business managers need to understand the relationship among price, consumer behavior, and marketing activities. Marketers need to identify customers’ needs, preferences, tastes, desires, and expectations of consumers in purchasing their products (Doyle 2006, pp. 73–4). ... Some buyers have an intricate purchasing behavior that is linked with different products that they intend to purchase (Grewal & Mamorstein 1994, p. 462). An intricate purchasing behavior is seen when the product to be bought is expensive; therefore, the consumer will tend to be more cautious when purchasing such products. For instance, intricate buying behavior is evident when purchasing things such as cars or computers. When setting prices for such products, marketers should consider the consumer’s income since high prices will drive them away (Lichtnstein 1993, p. 239). Price is one of the most significant marketplace signals. The issue of price is very important in buying situations since it represents to customers the amount of capital they must pay for a certain product. In addition, price represents how much money a consumer is going to give to a product seller in order to acquire a product; therefore, if prices are high, they negatively affect the chances of the consume r buying a particular item (Bolton et al. 2003, p. 476). Consumer perception of the price level of a particular product has a negative influence on the buying behavior of the consumer and an indirect positive influence on buying intentions through product quality perceptions. This trend is attributed to the fact that consumers are heterogeneous in respect of their intentions and response to product prices (Lichtnstein et al. 1993, p. 241). In most cases, consumers utilize a product price to choose if they will purchase it or not. They utilize a product price to determine the efficiency and quality of that product since they tend to believe that high prices imply good quality. According to research by

Herb Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Herb Comparison - Essay Example The dried extract of the root is recommended to be taken once in the morning at a dose rate of 0.5-2 gm. For its multifarious health benefits (WHO). For a preparation to be considered standardized, it should satisfy numerous purity criteria and freedom from contaminants which are described in the WHO monograph on the herb (WHO). Commercially available preparations (e.g. Korean Panax ginseng) however claim to contain 80% of the active ingredient which are recommended to be used at a dose rate of 2 capsules two times a day (Web, undated). The manufacturer eulogizes the health benefits of the preparation but does not elaborate upon the manufacturing process, which may or may not be GMP certified. Price, depending upon quality and source of the plant extract varies from $ 8.50 to $ 19.95 per ounce (Web). 200 mg. per day dose of a standardized ginseng preparation has been shown to provide equivalent health benefits as 1200 mg. per day of a non-standardized extract (Leigh, 2001). 2. Gingko : Gingko leaf extract has wide popularity in its usage as a memory enhancer and blood circulation improving herb (Ehrlich, 2009).

Personal financial planning report for Ms Lucy Hargreaves Essay

Personal financial planning report for Ms Lucy Hargreaves - Essay Example The report further plans to develop and implement an appropriate action plan so that all objectives are achieved at most optimum utilisation and allocation of scarce resources. Considering the fact that the system is composed of both systematic and unsystematic risks and also that the future is uncertain, it will be logical to make some important assumptions in the report so that the outcomes appear more realistic. The report is sub-divided into separate sections highlighting specific aspects related to financial plan. For your convenience, all calculations are included and confined to the Appendices section of this report to maintain clarity of presentation. The report begins with a summary of your priorities and objectives, followed by an outline of your probable attitude towards risk. Then the report makes an assessment of your current financial situation based on the objectives and assumptions and finally the report concludes with recommendations on how you will be able to achiev e your goals. 2) Goals & Objectives 2.1) Immediate Objectives The most apparent immediate objectives are as follows: Protection of your current investments Prioritise financial security for yourself and your family considering the fact that your brother is currently unemployed and lives with your parents Prepare a coherent investment plan for investments in OEIC as the stocks are not performing well currently Protect the capital invested by investing in less risky assets as you have low appetite for risk You are concerned that you might end up paying higher taxes to authorities on your savings and investments and hence you need proper tax planning 2.2) Long-term Goals To save towards a deposit scheme on flat at some time in the near future You are also interested to join a pension scheme so as to achieve financial security even after your retirement (Age UK, 2013) Both your parents are teachers and are planning to retire in 5 years implying that investment in a pension scheme is mus t for future financial security (Standard Life, 2013) Your father has minor health issues but it would be safe to plan proper health insurance scheme in advance so that during situations of emergencies your family is protected Tax savings from incomes and investments In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, it is important that the report considers aspects of personal retirement planning, risk management, education funding, mortgage planning, and tax planning. It is also important to remember that financial risk arise from debt obligations and hence a part of saving s and investments must also be channelled towards payment of existing liabilities or debts (like use of credit cards and unsecured debts). 3) Current Scenario Analysis On our first appointment I came to know about the fact that you have already purchased Gilt securities worth ?1,500, shortly after your graduation. The primary reason that you have invested in this type of asset class is that you consider Gilts as less risky investment. It was also given that a couple of years ago you purchased OEIC

The Role Of Franchising Tourism Essay

The Role Of Franchising Tourism Essay What is a franchise according to the American heritage dictionary franchising means using one that is granted to use a business model in a certain area for a fee. Well it does not matter how the transaction or agreements are done whether it includes license, joint venture, consulting and supply agreement, and dealership when these terms are included in the contract, its a franchise (Grueneberg Solish, 2010). Legally franchising is viewed as contractual arrangement between the two legally independent parties where the franchisee pays the franchisor for the right to sell the franchisors product or the right to use his trademarks in a given location for a specified time period (Francine  Lafontaine Kathryn  L.  Shaw, 1999). As franchising sector is growing at rapid pace franchisor should look for expansion in international market as the home market specifically developed countries like us Canada, Europe is becoming saturated. It is vital import for a firm to have a strategic pla n to successfully establish in global economy (Richard John, 2004). The global franchising prospect seems great as said by Hoffman and Preble (1993) after their global survey of global franchise association around the world. The survey came out true as according to the United States census bureau revels that in US total franchise business accounted for 1.3 trillion and total work force of 59 million the report also showed that Limited-service restaurants, sometimes called fast food restaurants, had the highest number of franchise establishments with paid employees (124,898), followed by gas stations with convenience stores (33,991), and full-service restaurants (30,130). Thus the data revels franchise in hospitality industry is observing massive growth (U.S.CensusBureau, 2010). The massive upward growth in information and technology and simple long distance travel has made the world a small and well interconnected. Organizations should and are taking advantage of these developments and trends to pursue a global expansion. As the global market around the world are opening up and the market in developed countries are at the point of saturation companies are trying to tap into these newly opened markets for example China with one quarter of world population and high number of mid income group is considered as most under-retailed country in the world (Richard John, 2004). The concept of franchise is flexible and basically suits service sector. Given that franchise relation are influenced to an extent to which the system can be transfer and sustain in local market in terms of product acceptance, local support and service (John, 1999). Thus due to consistent economic importance of franchise we can find lots of research and literature to help us understand the concept. Franchising is a major expansion strategy for hospitality firms into a global market, especially hotels and restaurants to name a few Marriotts, Hyatt, Hilton Accor, IHG, McDonalds, KFC are a very few examples. In global markets franchising add value to the chain by enhancing and understanding the local values culture and customs. Franchising is one of the two main types of operations of which the other one owning. Franchising provides restaurants and hotels with stable franchising revenue through royalties and fees regularly according to the agreement and the time frame of the period (Koh, Lee, Boo, 2009). Unlike most other service sectors, the hotel industry is generally capital-intensive and its logistics and supply chain can be as complex and difficult to manage as those in manufacturing operations. Thus for hospitality related organization, this can be a huge complication to an equity-based expansion model in various markets, particularly in the international market. Thus, it r aises the issue of the importance of the internationalization process through franchising as a non-equity-based expansion strategy(Alon, Ni, Wang, 2012). But as a matter of fact franchising in international market delivers a scope for rapid expansion and global presence and hotels do have potential to overcome the hurdles like cultural, linguistic, technical, legal, and employment problems commonly associated with franchising internationally. Hotel industry in particular is different among another service franchisee as it requires big financial investment to establish facilities to start the business. To give a rough idea the total investment required by Choice Hotels International ranges from $2.3 to 14.6 million, InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) $2-20 million, Motel 6, $1.9-2.3 million, and Hilton 53.4-90.1 million due to such huge capital requirement makes acquiring and setup a franchise hotel a complex process (Alon et al., 2012). Franchising in Australia originated in a significant way in the early 1970s under the influence of the franchised US fast food systems KFC, Pizza Hut, McDonalds which commenced operations here at the time. Increased intensity in business competition during the 1970s and early 1980s resulted in the failure of many small and medium sized businesses and encouraged growth in franchising. Franchising continued to grow at an accelerated rate during the 1980s. This was attributed to an increase in interest from the financial and public sectors (Frazer, 2000). Over the last two decades franchising in Australia saw a rapid growth and has developed into a highly significant and dynamic business activity The Australian franchise sector with 71000 units and 1,100 business format contributes AUD $ 61 billion to Australian economy in year 2007 thus these sector is of vital important top Australian economy (Scott, Lorelle, Jeff, 2010). Comparing the franchising sector in Australia and New Zealand is not new for years there has been a friendly rival among the two countries for title of most franchised country in the world. When the survey carried out New Zealand was more franchised than Australia with 450 franchise system and around 24000 franchise system which was 17% higher than Australia on per individual basis (Lord, 2011). Franchising in New Zealand is not taken seriously enough compared to other business due to lack of legislation and treating franchise as just a business deal. The franchise sector is substantially larger than many people realize, says Graham Billings, GM of the Franchise Association of New Zealand (FANZ). Current estimates suggest turnover of between $15 billion and $20 billion, representing between eight percent and ten percent of GDP (Moore, 2009). Taking into consideration the various hotel franchises across New Zealand and Australia gives a clear picture about the franchise investments in the market. Australia has the following well Known International hotel franchise: Swissotel * Hilton Accor * Radisson Four Seasons * Best western Hotel Sheraton * Marriott IHG * Shangri- La Hyatt * Starwoods * Choice hotels (expedia.com, 2012). These are the some of the many brands which have presence in Australian market when compared to the brands present in New Zealand which are: *IHG *Accor *Marriot *Hilton (expedia.com, 2012). Thus when compared the hotel franchise sector in both the countries Australia definitely has much mature market for franchising then New Zealand as many big hotel organization are yet to tap the New Zealand market like Hyatt, four-season, Shangri-La, Starwoods. To get a better picture of comparison between role of franchising in hotel industry in Australia and New Zealand lets compare two cities in both the countries. Instead of comparing between the cities like Sydney and Auckland will not give fair information as Sydney is far bigger Metro than Auckland. Hence we will compare the role of franchising between Auckland and Brisbane as they are equal in many aspects and also they are known as sister cities. With parks and botany gardens and population, urban area and economy almost similar to each other helps to compare the role of franchising easier and comparable to each other. Thus when searching for hotels on www.expeidia.com for hotels in Brisbane there are 145 hotels listed on web site the result for hotels in Auckland are 149, the search result shows the hospitality sector are very similar in both the cities. But when we see the ratio of number of five star category hotels the difference is more than double as Auckland has around 20 five star hotels as compared Brisbane has only 7. After comparing the brands owned by franchise as mentioned above the number shows a slight difference of Auckland having more number(9) of franchised hotels as compared to Brisbane(7). Hence if we consider the various factors like Number of visitors, density of the hospitality market and economy franchise sector in New Zealand is much denser and bigger than compared to Australia. This shows despite size and regulatory environment franchising has much in common on both the sides. Also when consider the basic hospitality franchising and various local franchised restaurants franchising in New Zealand has much denser network of franchising. It also concludes that the franchising process is market-sensitive and as a result market characteristics play an important role in affecting franchising operations. These factors may include, among others, the market segment, the degree of control, either by the hotel industry sector or by government policy, the risks and costs of entry, and similarities of cultural norms and business. In addition, other situational factors which that affect how hotel franchising is carried out in a market such as Australia and New Zealand which ar e mature and stable in both the countries, the level of technology infrastructure development in the market, and the overall economic and financial conditions in the financial market of Australia and New Zealand (Alon et al., 2012).

Largesse :: Essays Papers

Largesse The idea of chivalry encompasses the virtues of truth, honor, courage, kindness, loyalty, and valor. Combining this and many other benevolent traits make the ideal knight. Being a knight means something more than just armor, weaponry, and a good horse. It is about a code. This code of a knight is what sets him apart from the rest of the world, defining him and the beliefs he alone stands for. A knight is bounded by honor and valor usually to his king, his country, and his god. In a sense, a knight is the ideal man in all aspects, physically and mentally, and as part of his characteristics exists this thing called largesse. Largesse in simple terms is generosity, the liberality of giving. Now, this did not merely mean giving money to the poor or to the church. Largesse encompasses a larger spectrum, in a sense, that makes him better able to walk the line between mercy and cold justice. One can say at one end of the spectrum is the lavish giving to the need of his vassals and allies, and at the other end is the giving to his king and country. At any means, great honor can be won by the open-handed noble who sees no gluttony, but pure generosity to those among him. From Leon Gautier's Chivalry, one finds chivalry defined by prowess, loyalty, generosity, judgment, courtesy, and honor. Included with this is the 10 commandments, particularly the IX commandment--thou shalt be generous, and give largesse to everyone. For instance, in the Poem of the Cid, Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar is exiled by his King Alfonso. Along the Cid's journey, he conquers many places and acquires vast wealth. Not only does he give amply to his men but also to the King Alfonso who banishes him. The Cid places the needs of others above his own, being charitable to others and giving to those in need, including his enemy. "Those who joined him into exile have all grown rich. The renowned Campeador gave them all, in Valencia, houses and fiefs with which they are satisfied; they all have tasted of the Cid's generosity. Those who joined him later are content also." This clearly exemplifies the true nature of chivalry and what it is to be a knight.

The Prevalence of Teenage Suicides Nowadays

During the teen years, adolescents go through many different changes. These changes cause many teens to feel as though they are the only ones that have these feelings and that no one can help them. The teen that develops these types of mentality generally has little help from friends and family to overcome the feelings that could possibly lead to suicide. Suicide is when someone tries to kill himself or herself. Teen suicide is based on the same idea, but it is for people that are teenagers. About 5,000 teenagers kill themselves every year. That makes teen suicide the third leading cause of death for teenagers next to accidents and crime. The thought of killing oneself as a solution for problems at school is common for grade school and college kids. On the grade school side, 9% think of suicide, 2% seriously consider suicide, and 1-% attempts it. On the college side, the numbers multiply by five times. A whopping 43% think about it, 15% seriously consider it, and 5% attempt it (1). The actual number of suicides is higher than the estimated one because they are not classified as suicides. They are classified as accidents or victims of crime. A car that crashed into a tree could be called an accident, but if the car was working perfectly and the driver was not under the influence of drugs or alcohol it would be called a suicide. Young males are five times more likely to commit suicide than young females. Females are more unsuccessful when committing suicide because they are more apt to ingest drugs or cut their wrists. Doctors still have time to save them. On the other hand, boys more commonly hang themselves or jump off tall buildings. The use of firearms in teen suicides is about the same for both sexes. By the time that doctors get to them, they're dead. It has been found that there are more white teenagers than black teenagers who kill themselves; and that teenagers in the western area of the United States are more likely to be suicidal because more people own firearms in the West (2). Teens are in a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, and this can lead to confusion and anxiety at times. Teens with an adequate support network of friends, family, religious affiliation, peer groups, or extracurricular activities may have an outlet to deal with their everyday frustrations. Teens without an adequate support network, however, may feel disconnected and isolated from their family and peer group. It's these teens who are at increased risk for suicide if they are unable to deal with their problems. Sheslow further emphasizes the importance of a support network for teens who have suffered physical or sexual abuse and those who have very poor relationships with their parents. Doctors at the American Psychiatric Association (APA) say that teens considering suicide often face problems that are out of their control -divorce, alcoholism of a family member, or exposure to domestic violence, for example. A family history of depression or suicide is another significant risk factor. Since depressive illnesses may have a genetic component, some teens may be predisposed to suffer major depression. Feelings of helplessness and worthlessness may accompany the depression. Feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness are major risk factors for suicide. A teen, for example, who experiences repeated failures at school, who is overwhelmed by violence at home, who is isolated from peers, or who faces the social stigma of homosexuality alone is likely to experience such feelings. â€Å"If he sees himself as inadequate and worthless and he believes the future is unchangeable, these are clear warning signs of possible trouble,† says Dr. Sheslow (3). Sometimes teens will attempt to numb the pain of those feelings with alcohol or drugs. Substance abuse is a major risk factor for suicide, says the APA, along with the expression of violent feelings (4). There are about five signs for suicide. The first one is depression. They may be depressed about getting an â€Å"F† on their math test or have had a death in the family. The second sign is talking about suicide. They may say things like â€Å"I'm want to kill myself,† or â€Å"You won't have to worry about me much longer.† The third sign is giving some of their most prized possessions away or writing out their will. Some people give away their favorite clothes, stereo systems, or even their cars. The fourth sign is that they start taking extremely dangerous risks. They may go rowing without a life preserver, try to fix electrical appliances by themselves, stop wearing their seat belt, and go driving while they are drunk. The fifth sign for suicide is being unexplainable cheerful or happy. By this time they probably have made up their minds about suicide (5). Anyone can be a victim of teen suicide. It could be the all-star of the football team, the girl who has the cutest guy in school, or the hyper-accelerated really smart kid down the street. Everyone has stress and everyone has to deal with it, but not everyone deals with stress the same way. For example one-person may play a sport to release and relieve their tensions, but another may start being depressed and being self-destructive. As you may see there are many different things involved when talking to teens about suicide. Some of these things involved need to be looked are items such as social stature of the adolescent, if there is apparent substance abuse, and how the child is performing in school. If an adolescent ever contemplates suicide the parent or guardian should immediately seek help. Contrary to popular belief, people who talk about suicide are likely to follow through. Pay attention to phrases such as, â€Å"It's no use, I'd be better off dead.† Also be suspicious if a child who has been very depressed suddenly becomes cheerful or hopeful. This intense mood swing may indicate that he believes suicide will be a solution to all his problems.

Travelling Abroad Is a Waste of Money

TRAVELLING ABROAD IS A WASTE OF MONEY I strongly disagree that travelling abroad is a waste of money because we can learn history of civilizations, we can learn cultures of different peoples and we can witness the greatness of Allah. Firstly, in Surah Al- Ankabut: 20, Allah says : â€Å" Travel the earth then see how He makes the first creation, then Allah creates the latter creations†¦ † What this verse indicates is the disappearance of one nation to give place to another. For instance, the nation of the Pharaohs has been replaced by modern Egypt.Other nations which have disappeared include the people of Ad and Thamud in the Middle-East. Through travelling we can learn the history and witness the remains of these civilizations. Secondly, we can learn the cultures of different peoples around the world. In Surah Ruum: 22, Allah says : â€Å" And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the diversity of your tongues and colours.. †. Hence, if we travel from China across to Europe, we will see peoples of different looks, colours, sizes, cultures, languages, and ways of living.They include Chinese, Japanese, Indians, Persians, Arabs, and Europeans. All look different from one another, speak different languages, and practise different cultures. Finally, in Surah Ibrahim : 32, Allah says : â€Å" Allah†¦ made ships subservient to you to run their course in the sea by His command ,and He has made the rivers subservient to you. † This verse tells us that Allah provides the facilities for mankind to travel( by sea or river ). In so doing one can appreciate the creations and greatness of Allah.For instance, sailing in the seas will give us the opportunity to see sharks, beautiful islands, and the huge waves. Sailing in the rivers will give us the opportunity to see the numerous floras and faunas, rapids, and waterfalls. Although travelling abroad does cost a lot of money, inconvenience and sometimes have to face some di fficulty, in my opinion, travelling abroad is not a waste of money because of the benefits we can get from it. [336 words]

Critical scholarship Essays

Critical scholarship Essays Critical scholarship Essay Critical scholarship Essay the plants of Schwartz and Wellhausen ) did Johannine beginning unfavorable judgment seem to be on a firmer methodological foundation. With the debut of an aporia as grounds of a literary seam, the changeless drum-beat of critical scholarship was that John 14:31d is the proto-typical aporia and that it clearly belongs next to 18:1. Yet, to happen a manner to do these texts neighbours once more has been the thorny issue for scholarship. Throughout the 20th century the solution offered to the instance of the magnus reus has taken four basic signifiers ( with a dizzying array of substitutions ) . In wide classs, the text has been seen as a converse, interpolated, taken, or authored text. In several fluctuations, John 14:31 originally followed on the heels of 18:1. Spitta and Wendt considered it the heterotaxy of an Ur-Gospel, and Bultmann at mid-century, saw a assortment of beginnings, but in general, the best account for the magnus reus was heterotaxy on the evidences of manner. M. Lattke was possibly the last to hold defended this position in 1974. In general, most observers today regard the position as indefensible, because the shamble of the deck seldom leads to general understanding beyond the posteriority of 14:3 1. Many today see 14:31 as grounds of an interpolated text. The inside informations of this proposed insertion are greatly varied. Some believe that it is the work of a foreign manus inserted into the step ining sweep by the revivalist. Others regard the insertion to be one or more discourses written by the revivalist and later added by either a reviser or the writer himself. Others ( like Wellhausen ) considered the add-on to be wholly foreign and held that it must hold been added by a reviser. At any rate, once more the premise is that 14:31 belongs next to 18:1 in the unimproved discourse. Dettwiler s Relecture Theory A speculation that is quickly deriving land on the continent and traveling into North America is Dettwiler s relecture theory. Here the premise is that instead than merely any interpolation or even a 2nd bill of exchange of the farewell discourse, much of the step ining sweep of text between 14:31 vitamin D and 18:1 is really an enlargement and re-application of 13:1-14:31. This reading and enlargement for a new epoch is non an effort to warrant the interpolation but to explicate the consensus already reached. The text is inserted to run into the demands of a ulterior coevals of the Johannine community. Again, the over curving templet is that the magnus reus creates such an crying aporia that it can merely be solved by proposing editing. The consequences of the structural probe leave the exegete with somewhat of a riddle. If the text is an emended mosaic, it has been wonderfully done. The reviser has chosen stuff from disparate contexts ( perchance of the same genre ) and wedded them in such a manner as to bring forth a consistent macro-structure that across the first two units of the text neer leaves the bid construction built-in in exhortative discourse and in the 3rd efficaciously reviews and passages to the high priestly prayer. Furthermore, the reviser may hold incorporated some synoptic traditional stuff ( 15:1-11 ) but has done so in a manner as non to go against the bid construction of the text and at the same time has marked it as the extremum of the text without a viing subdivision besides therefore marked. In this column chef-doeuvre, the reviser has besides efficaciously produced a text that is coherent in non merely organic ties but componential ties as good. In short, the text is wonderfully edited. But herein lays the riddle: this attractively and masterfully edited text has a glaring defect. A defect so crying, so obvious, that it is seized upon by beginning critics as the archetypal illustration that proves the farewell discourse and the Gospel are the consequences of multiple custodies. But, how could this fake pas be the consequence of an editor of such fantastic ability? What compounds the job is that it could hold been so easy solved before it of all time started. All the reviser needed to make was do his interpolation fifth part of a poetry earlier. This is such an easy and reasonable solution to the job that a reasonably skilled editor could hold seen it, but the reviser of the farewell discourse did non. Brodie sums it up nicely in his most recent commentary. He states, In discoursing the perplexing Arise, allow us travel ( 14:31 ) the first thing that needs to be said is that the column hypothesis is non satisfactory. Not that the redacting thought is inherently unattractive ; there is, in fact, an huge credibleness to the general thought of an editor who, given hard stuff, makes the best of it. But this general thought does non suit the instance ; the stuff ( in 14:3 1 ) is non hard. In fact, one could barely conceive of an easier column undertaking than traveling Arise, allow us go†¦ to the terminal of fellow. 17 But any editor who felt free to infix three chapters is improbable to hold had scruples about traveling half a poetry. In fact, it would non been have been necessary to travel Arise and allow us travel If, as is sometimes said, it instantly preceded the history of Jesus traveling out ( 18:1 ) , so, peculiarly since there were no chapter divisions at the clip, all the editor had to make was take the right topographic point for the insertion-in other words before Arise, allow us travel The logic of the column hypothesis leads to the thought that in some unusual manner the editor was both careful and bungling, free and scrupulous. Therefore, it is a hypothesis which lacks internal coherency. This lack of internal coherence is displayed in the literature by the proliferation of theories that attempt, in one manner or another, to put the magnus reus next to 18:1. The truth is, if history can be our usher that the proliferation of theories will go on. Older theories will be tweaked ; and callings will be built upon new and inventive attacks to the farewell discourse. At the bosom of this province of personal businesss is the interaction of three premises. First, that an aporia in the Fourth Gospel is, foremost and first, grounds of a literary seam ; 2nd, that it fits better next to 18:1 ; and therefore, 3rd, the magnus reus is the proto-typical aporia. However, these premises are far from proven. An Aporia Must Indicate A Literary Seam The usage of aporias in the word picture of beginnings has been the trademark of Old Testament higher unfavorable judgment for about two hundred old ages. The contention is that a non-sequitur or a unsmooth passage is by definition grounds of the amalgamation of beginnings by a reviser. This is, of class, a reductionistic ( if non simplistic ) attack that assumes merely one valid reply to a trouble. Yet, this is now so self-evident in higher critical circles that the philosophical underpinning for it is merely assumed as fact. Wellhausen neer explained why an aporia must be a literary seam. In fact, it is non until Otto Eissfeldt that Pentateuchal unfavorable judgment s standards of separation are clearly delineated. Schwartz, who coined the term aporia in relation to the Gospel of John, neer defends its usage ( or even defines its significance ) in the now-famous series of articles. Bacon besides made this premise when he remarked that the indicants point to what a geologist might name a fault in he literary strata, and, as the critic good knows, it is these faults which reveal the literary history of a papers ( accent added ) . Therefore, by 1894, Bacon sees no demand to support the deduction of a literary mistake, but merely cites its self-evident standing among critics. All this is to state that the current reading of aporias as, by and big, bespeaking literary seams is an old premise that is non, and has neer been, a proved rule but an premise. That is non to state that at that place have non been efforts to make so in the literature. One brief effort at demoing verifiable standards for beginning separation is the monograph by David M. Carr. Carr s treatment is, in many ways, a breath of fresh air from source-critical circles. He is careful and cautious in his claims and clearly recognizes the troubles in defining between a seam caused by a reviser or by an writer. Carr attempts to demo recoverable beginnings from ancient plants like the Diatesseron, the Gilgamesh heroic poem, comparings in Jeremiah from the LXX and the Masoretic Text, et Al. Carr makes the instance that repeat is a cardinal signal in beginning separation. However, he does non do a conclusive statement for know aparting between a redactional component and an auctorial device. For illustration, he cites the usage of resumptive repetition as grounds of a literary seam. However, he readily acknowledges that To be certain, writers can themselves utilize such resumptive repeat to restart the train of idea after their ain digression Carr concludes that terminological and ideological indexs must besides be present. However, even in his treatment of these devices he concludes that there is ever the opportunity the writer consciously altered the nomenclature to hold a certain consequence However, it is dubious that a certain Reconstruction of the examples like the Diatesseron could be executed without anterior cognition of the beginnings. So so, while the illustrations of emended texts that are produced may demo certain traits, these traits are non sole to redact ed texts. Another job is the nature of the redacted texts. The Diatesseron was an wholly new genre of literature: the Gospel harmoniousness. It is an improper measure to compare its redaction to the type proposed for the Pentateuch ( or the Fourth Gospel ) . In the same vena, some of Carr s Old Testament examples sum to text-critical enquiries instead than the weaving of beginnings to bring forth a new text. The lone similar illustration could be the Gilgamesh heroic poem, but it excessively has its jobs. In other words, the illustrations so far cited by Carr do non look to be comparings of similar redactional procedures. But, even so, there remains no lingual point that needfully points to a literary seam that could non hold been produced by an writer. An aporia, so, as grounds of a literary seam is still an premise. A revealing indictment of this premise comes instead unwittingly from an improbable beginning: the antecedently cited work by Otto Eissfeldt. He states, Alternatively of these [ traditional ] divisions, we must at any rate for the older content of Gen. to Josh. , and likely besides for that from Judg. to Sam. and into Kings, think in footings of strata. Merely so can we acquire a image of the literary beginnings which were used in their undertaking by the compilers or more properly revisers of the older basic stuff †¦ So, so, the separation of beginnings is impossible unless one begins with the premise of strata. Then, upon this premise, literary beds are delineated instead than clear, undeniable grounds that can merely be explained in footings of strata. Eissfeldt s observation is stating in that without the premise, the grounds does non oblige one to presume literary strata. It sounds really much like a theory in hunt of back uping grounds. But does the grounds support it? Many would reply negatively. In fact, among Pentateuchal beginning critics the now-traditional JEDP theory still holds sway to a grade, but today, due to the assortment and deepness of the statements against it, it must be smartly defended. Wenham characterizes the temper of scholarship as looking for a fresh and converting paradigm. Therefore Johannine beginning critics who defend the usage of an aporia as grounds of a literary seam on the footing of success in Pentateuchal unfavorable judgment do so at the hazard of being out of measure with the current province of the job. So, so, what does a Johannine aporia prove? In fact, small or nil solid. Carson notes that in utilizing Ross s graduated table of grounds ( conclusive, persuasive, implicative, impersonal, and irrelevant ) , aporias constitute no more than impersonal grounds. Carson goes on to propose that aporias should non be seen as cut-and-dry grounds for a literary seam for two grounds. First, an aporia may merely be an accident. He refrains from placing an inadvertent aporia in the Fourth Gospel. However, his point is that they are non unnatural phenomena, but built-in in composing. Most authors have, in fact, produced many of them without the benefit of faulting a 3rd party. Thus, an aporia is every bit likely created by an writer as an editor. In fact, the instance could be made that it is less likely in the instance of an editor who would be looking really carefully at the text. The following footing for cautiousness is that an aporia may be generated by some factor other than the gawky interpolation of a beginning. This 2nd ground for avoiding the designation of an aporia as a literary seam is likely the most weighty. The literary seam is merely one option for placing the ground for an aporia. There may, in fact, be many plausible grounds for an aporia. Sometimes the designation of an aporia is merely exaggerated. Is a poetic beginning to the Gospel so unlikely that the prologue could non be original? Do the enumeration of marks and their expiration needfully bespeak a literary seam? At 7:3-5 does the demand of Jesus brothers that he travel to Judea to execute marks truly indicate a trouble? True, he had already been in Jerusalem and performed marks ( see, e.g. , 5:1-9 ) , but should we truly name this an aporia when any figure of accounts can be offered ( including the writer s purpose to demo that Jesus brothers did non follow his motions and made the n atural adequate premise that the Messiah should make marks in Jerusalem ) ? These and many other alleged aporias do non look excessively implicative of a existent job, much less a literary seam. The step of turbulency or clumsiness appears to be modem western criterions. Could it be that merely these modem esthesias perceive the above-named aporias? One must state that if the Gospel is edited, the editor ( s ) of the Gospel saw no sufficient ground to presume that the text was dreadfully inconsistent. If he or they did non believe so, why are we at strivings to presume that an original author would hold operated under different premises? Would they non both operate under the same literary conventions? Consider Whybray s reaction to a similar phenomenon in Pentateuchal unfavorable judgment. In depicting a defect in the current Documentary Hypotheses of the Pentateuch, he states, If the paperss postulated by the hypothesis possessed some sort of integrity and consistency-and it is this which is held to give them plausibility-then the revisers were the individual who wantonly destroyed that integrity and consistency-and once more, the hypothesis depends on believing that th ey did. But this is simply to bear down the revisers with mistakes of logic and sensitiveness of which the advocates of the Documentary Hypothesis are at such strivings to shrive the writers of the paperss. If the revisers were unconcerned about these things, it is hard to understand on what grounds the advocates of the hypothesis maintain that the writers of the paperss were concerned about them. It seems more logical to reason that ancient Israelite thoughts of consistence were different from those of modern western adult male: that the Israelites were in fact to a big extent indifferent to what we should name incompatibilities. Weisse, Evangeliumfrage, 116. Buttmann, John, 459. Lattke, Einheit im Wort, 131-246. See, e.g. , Fortna, Predecessor, 151. See, e.g. , Barrett, John, 454-55. See, e.g. , Wellhausen, Erweiterungen and Anderungen, 8 and Schnackenburg, John, 3:89-90 Dettwiler, Gegenwart, 51-52. Brodie, John, 437. Note besides Robert Kysar s review of Fortna. He states, It is this inquiry [ gawky redacting ] which most earnestly plagues Fortna s admirable attending to the aporias of the text as the key to the solution of the literary mystifier of the book. How can one believe, on the one manus, that the revivalist was an sharp plenty theologian to feel the failings of his marks Gospel and subtly rectify them and yet, on the other manus, was such an inferior editor that he left glowering defects in the simple readability of his papers? Until that contradiction can be resolved, it seems that the value of the contextual standards will be earnestly impaired ( Robert Kysar, The Fourth Evangelist and His Evangel: An Examination of Contemporary Scholarship [ Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1975 ] , 36 ) . For an English interlingual rendition of the German 3rd edition, see Otto Eissfeldt, The Old Testament: An Introduction, trans. Peter R. Ackroyd ( New York: Harper A ; Row, 1965 ) , 182-88. Bacon, Displacement, 66. David M. Carr, Reading the Fractures of Genesis: Historical and Literary Approachs ( Louisville: Westminster, 1996 ) , 23-40. Carr is to be commended for trying to set the word picture of beginnings on empirical evidences. However, the trouble of such a proposal is shown in that his major grounds for empirical grounds comes from a individual beginning. See Jeffrey H. Tigay, ed. , Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism ( Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985 ) . This has frequently been brought into Johannine beginning separations as good. See Urban C. von Wahlde, The Earliest Version of John s Gospel: Recovering the Gospel of Signs ( Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1989 ) , 27. Carr, Reading the Fractures, 26. Ibid. , 32. See, e.g. , Carr s major work cited in this subdivision, Emanuel Tov, The Literary History of the Book of Jeremiah in Light of its Textual History, in Empirical Models, 211-37. It seems that the type of editing offered by the book of Jeremiah is an extended alteration and non the same originative nuptials that is under consideration for the Pentateuch and Johannine surveies. See Jeffrey H. Tigay, The Development of the Gilgamesh Epic ( Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982 ) . For brief responses californium. W. G. Lambert, reappraisal of The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic, by Jeffrey H. Tigay in Journal of Biblical Literature 104 ( 1985 ) : 115-17 ; but particularly see Joan Goodnick Westenholz, reappraisal of The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic, by Jeffrey H. Tigay in Journal of the American Oriental Society 104 ( 1984 ) : 370-72. Eissfeldt, Old Testament, 135-36. The Documentary Hypothesis as expressed by Wellhausen came under onslaught from its really beginning, but particularly in recent old ages. In Wellhausen s clip the authoritative rebuttals were by William Henry Green and James Orr. See William Henry Green, The Higher Criticism of the Pentateuch ( New York: Scribners, 1895 ; reissue, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1978 ) . See besides James On, The Problem of the Old Testament Considered with Reference to Recent Criticism ( New York: Scribners, 1906 ) . In more recent old ages several have expressed terrible unfavorable judgments against the cogency of the hypothesis. See, e.g. , Umberto Cassuto, The Documentary Hypothesis and the Composition of the Pentateuch, trans. Israel Abrahams ( Jerusalem: Magnes, 1941 ; reissue, Jerusalem: Magnes, 1961 ) ; Rolf Rendtorff, The Problem of the Process of Transmission in the Pentateuch, trans. John J. Scullion, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 89 ( Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1990 ) ; R. N. Whybray, The Making of the Pentateuch: A Methodological Study, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement 53 ( Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1987 ) ; R. Norman Whybray, Introduction to the Pentateuch ( Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995 ) , 12-27 ; Gleason L. Archer, Jr. , A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, rpm. and exp. erectile dysfunction. ( Chicago: Moody, 1994 ) . For a recent survey of Pentateuchal beginning unfavorable judgment see Gordon J. Wenham, Chew overing the Pentateuch: The Search for a New Paradigm, in The Face of Old Testament Studies: A Survey of Contemporary Approaches, erectile dysfunction. David W. Baker and Bill T. Arnold ( Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999 ) : 116-44. David M. Carr, Controversy and Convergence in Recent Studies of the Formation of the Pentateuch, Interpretation 23 ( 1997 ) : 22. Wenham, Chew overing the Pentateuch, 119. Cf. R. N. Whybray s statement, despite the huge sum of scholarly work which has been published particularly during the past century refering the writing, day of the month, and history of composing of the Pentateuch, these are fundamentally side issues. The existent involvement for readers of the Bible does non lie here. If it did, the present coevals of readers would see merely defeat. For although it may be true that recent bookmans have succeeded in exposing many of the mistakes of earlier critics, it must be admitted that every bit far as assured consequences are concerned we are no nearer to certainty than when critical survey of the Pentateuch began ( Whybray, Introduction to the Pentateuch, 12 ) . See, e.g. , von Wahlde s justification of his methodological analysis. He does non warrant the usage of an aporia beyond its usage in Pentateuchal unfavorable judgment. He states, The success of Pentateuchal analysis indicates that such standards will supply a solid footing for analysis of the marks besides ( von Wahlde, Earliest Version, 28 ) . J. M. Ross, The Use of Evidence in New Testament Studies, Theology 79 ( 1976 ) : 216-17. D. A. Carson, Current Source Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Some Methodological Questions, Journal of Biblical Literature 97 ( 1978 ) : 428. Ibid. , 424. The likely event that the elusive 7th mark in John s Gospel is the Temple cleaning of 2:14-17 could make some aporias for those who see an original beginning that has been reordered. For those who see this pericope as a Johannine mark see Beasley-Murray, John, 42 ; Carson, John, 181 ; Dodd, Interpretation, 300-303 ; Ridderbos, John, 121.